王勁  郭紅衛[1]  錢(qián)子煜²  茅露平³

復旦大學(xué)公共衛生學(xué)院營(yíng)養與食品衛生學(xué)教研室，上海 200032

摘要：目的 建立適合中國老年人群的膳食平衡指數（DBI），為綜合評價(jià)該人群的膳食質(zhì)量提供評價(jià)工具，并初步驗證其有效性。方法 根據老年人的營(yíng)養需要特點(diǎn)，調整中國成年人DBI的部分單項指標定義和計分取值而成，并利用建立的評分系統對177名住養老機構60歲以上老年人的3天膳食質(zhì)量進(jìn)行評價(jià)。結果 該DBI評價(jià)系統總體上可反映絕大多數食物種類(lèi)和營(yíng)養成分攝入的實(shí)際狀況，并可綜合反映膳食中各營(yíng)養素攝入不足、過(guò)量和不平衡狀況的方向和程度。樣本人群膳食總體攝入不足，性別、年齡和伙食費對膳食質(zhì)量均有影響，影響該人群膳食質(zhì)量的食物種類(lèi)主要是奶類(lèi)豆類(lèi)、蔬菜水果、食用油和動(dòng)物性食物。結論 采用該針對老年人群的中國膳食平衡指數基本能反映本研究老年人群的膳食質(zhì)量，并能發(fā)現存在的主要問(wèn)題。

關(guān)鍵詞：膳食指數  膳食模式  膳食評價(jià)  膳食質(zhì)量  老年人

中圖分類(lèi)號：R153.3                   文獻標識碼：A

 

Preliminarily approaching and applying Chinese diet balance index for elderly population

Department of Nutrition and Food hygiene, School of Public Health, Fudan University, Shanghai 200032, China

Abstract：Objective  To establish diet balance index (DBI) for Chinese elderly population that a measure of dietary quality was developed to capture the multi-dimensional aspects of eating pattern for them, and examine the validity of the DBI. Methods  Aimed at key points of nutrition requirement for the elderly, the approached DBI for the Chinese elderly was adapted from selected food components and scoring schemes of Chinese adult DBI, and applied it to measure the three-day diet quality of 177 participants aged 60 years and older living in institutions. Results The DBI scoring and evaluating system can embody the actual intake of most food groups and nutrients, and in the round reflected the direction and degrees of deficient intake, excessive intake and inbalanced status of nutrient intake. As a whole, intake of diet of sampled subjects was inadequate. Gender, age and fare expenses could all affect the diet quality, and the leading impact factors of food groups on diet quality occurred for dairy products, legumes, vegetables, fruits, edible oil and meats. Conclusion  By using the DBI for Chinese elderly populations, the diet quality of the study population can be summarily measured, and find out the major problems of the dietary pattern presented herein.

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