黃河三角洲水源性高碘地區分布與居民食用鹽現狀調查研究

郭曉尉 翟麗屏 劉源 王欣 劉傳蛟 秦啟亮 陳祖培 1
山東省地方病防治研究所，濟南 250014

摘要：
　　目的 查清黃河三角洲的水源性高碘地區分布和居民食用鹽現狀以制定干預策略。
　　方法 采用橫斷面調查方法，每個(gè)被調查縣的所有鄉鎮均按東、西、南、北、中五個(gè)不同方位抽取5個(gè)村，在每個(gè)村采集飲用水樣2份進(jìn)行水碘含量檢測，并了解飲水源類(lèi)型及水井深度。每個(gè)村隨機采集5個(gè)戶(hù)居民食用鹽進(jìn)行定性檢測。結果 調查8個(gè)縣92個(gè)鄉鎮的451個(gè)村莊，檢測水樣800份、食鹽800份。水碘含量均值為(110.93±152.26)μg/L，中位數為55.83μg/L(0.84～997.82μg/L)；96.5%為平原地區水源。井深平均(70.44±136.19)m，中位數12.0m(2.0～999.0m)。水碘>150μg/L的高碘地區，分布于7個(gè)縣的24個(gè)鄉鎮，受累人口102.39萬(wàn)人，碘鹽覆蓋率97.2%；其水碘含量為(327.72±192.19)μg/L，中位數253.87μg/L(150.78～997.82μg/L)。淺層井水的高碘含量可能與黃河泛濫把從上游攜帶來(lái)的富碘泥沙的長(cháng)期沉積有關(guān)，而深井水高碘成因除此之外還與三角洲的沉積及海底大陸架千萬(wàn)年來(lái)沉積的富碘海洋生物有關(guān)。
　　結論 黃河三角洲有24個(gè)高碘地區，碘鹽覆蓋率97.2%，既有淺井高碘水又有深井高碘水的獨特現象。高碘地區應停止碘鹽供應措施，開(kāi)展健康教育和監測工作。

關(guān)鍵詞：水碘 高碘地區 碘鹽 黃河三角洲
中圖分類(lèi)號：R151.42 R123.1 R599.9 文獻標識碼：A

Study on the present status of the areas with high iodine concentration indrinking water and edible salt at household levels in Ohio of Yellow River

Guo Xiao - wei, Zhai Li - ping, Liu Yuan, Wang Xin,et al.

Shandong Institute for Endemic Disease Control and Research, Jinan 250014, China

Abstract ： Objective To understand the present condition of iodine excess areas and edible salt at household levels in Ohio of Yellow River ， which will provide the evidence to control it. Methods A cross section in one time was adopted for the epidemiological survey based on the east, west, south, north and central in all of townships from 8 counties. 2 samples of drinking water from each village were tested their water iodine content as well as the data regarding to their recourses and the depth of wells. 5 samples of edible salt were collected from each village for quantitative analysis. Results We investigated 451 villages in 92 townships of 8 counties. 800 samples of drinking water were tested which values of iodine content were (110 . 93 ± 152 . 26) μ g/L in main, 55 . 83 μ g/L(0 . 84 , 997 . 82 μ g/L)in medium. 102 . 39 thousand population are at risk for iodine excess and living in 24 townships of 7 counties where iodine concentration is over 150 μ g/L in drinking water, with (327 . 72 ± 192 . 19) μ g/L in mean value or 253 . 87 μ g/L(150 . 78 , 997 . 82 μ g/L)in medium. The rate of iodized salt is 97 . 2%. All the iodine excess areas are located in alluvial plain of Yellow River. The etiology of high iodine in shallow well water may be supposed to be iodine aggregation formed by Yellow River in terms of thousands of flood in thousands of years. But iodine excess in deep well water may be related to rotten, deposit marine living beings rich in iodine millions upon millions years ago. Conclusion There were distinctive features of iodine excess in drinking water from both shallow well and deep well, 24 iodine excess areas in Ohio of Yellow River. It has suggested that iodized salt intervention should be stopped in the areas and starting the health education project, survey of iodized salt in the region.

Key words: water iodine, iodine excess areas, iodized salt, Ohio of Yellow River

基金項目：國家自然科學(xué)基金重點(diǎn)項目（ No. 30230330 ）；國際控制碘缺乏病理事會(huì )（ ICCIDD ）；衛生部疾控司資助項目（ 2003 ）
作者簡(jiǎn)介：郭曉尉，男，副主 任 醫師
1 天津醫科大學(xué)內分泌研究所