文章編號：1000-8020（2006）05-0587-05
益生菌和酸奶對乳糖不耐受者結腸菌群作用研究
鐘燕  黃承鈺1  何濤  Harmsen H M J2  Vonk R J2
四川大學(xué)華西公共衛生學(xué)院營(yíng)養與食品衛生學(xué)教研室，成都  610041
摘要：目的  研究補充益生菌和酸奶對乳糖不耐者結腸菌群的影響。方法  以經(jīng)25g 乳糖負荷試驗篩選的乳糖不耐受者11名為對象，讓受試者持續攝入益生菌（含B. longum）和酸奶（含B. animalis, L. bulgaricus, S. thermophilus）14天進(jìn)行補充研究。試驗分3階段：即補充前階段7天，補充階段14天，補充后階段7天。在補充階段開(kāi)始前1天和結束后1天分別進(jìn)行乳糖不耐受負荷試驗，記錄受試者不耐受癥狀并評分。在試驗階段收集受試者的新鮮糞便樣本共5次，采用熒光原位雜交技術(shù)（FISH）和變性梯度凝膠電泳技術(shù)（DGGE）檢測補充前、補充期間和補充后糞便樣本細菌總數和各主要菌群的數量構成，以及外源性和內源性雙歧桿菌菌種分布。結果  在補充益生菌膠囊和酸奶后受試者乳糖不耐受癥狀評分均顯著(zhù)降低(P<0.05)。補充期間細菌總數和主要細菌組（Bifidobacteria，Bacteroides-Prevotella，Eubacteria，Ruminccocc等）的數量均顯著(zhù)高于補充前（P<0.05），雙歧桿菌的數量在補充結束后7天仍顯著(zhù)高于補充前（P<0.05），其他幾組細菌數量在補充結束后下降；DGGE結果顯示來(lái)自益生菌膠囊和酸奶的雙歧桿菌菌種在補充期間能夠在受試者腸道內檢出，但個(gè)體間存在較大差異。結論  益生菌膠囊和酸奶中的雙歧桿菌能夠耐受胃腸的酸堿環(huán)境在結腸內存活和繁殖，并影響內源性雙歧桿菌和其他細菌組的數量，改變結腸菌群的構成，尤其以雙歧桿菌更為明顯，這對減輕乳糖不耐受癥狀起到重要作用。
關(guān)鍵詞：乳糖不耐受  益生菌  酸奶  結腸菌群
中圖分類(lèi)號：Q533.3  R574.62        文獻標識碼：A
 
Effect of probiotics and yogurt on colonic microflora in subjects with lactose intolerance
Zhong Yan, Huang Cheng-yu, He Tao, Harmsen H M J, et al.
Department of Nutrition and Food Hygiene, West China School of Public Health, Sichuan University, Chengdu  610041, China
 
Abstract: Objective  To study the effects of probiotics and yoghurt supplementation on colonic microflora in subjects with lactose intolerance (LI).  Methods  Eleven lactose intolerant volunteers determined by 25g lactose challenge test were recruited and given supplementation with Bifina capsule (with B. longum) and yogurt (with B. animalis, L. bulgaricus, S. thermophilus) for 14 days. The trial was divided into 3 phases: 7-day basal period, 14-day supplementation period and 7-day post-supplementation period. Two lactose challenge tests were performed 1 day before and 1 day after supplementation period respectively, and lactose intolerance symptoms were recorded with questionnaires. Five fecal samples were collected during the trial, and total bacteria and several main groups of bacteria in colon were analyzed by fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH). The shift of Bifidobacterium species population in colon was analyzed by denaturing gradient gel electrophoresis (DGGE). Results  It was found that LI symptom was alleviated significantly after supplementation (P<0.05). The amount of total bacteria and the main groups of bacteria (Bifidobacteria, Bacteroides-Prevotella, Eubacteria, Ruminccocc et al.) was significantly increased during the supplementation period (P<0.05). The amount of Bifidobacteria during post-supplementation period was significantly higher than that of basal period (P<0.05), while the amount of other several groups of bacteria decreased. The result of DGGE showed that the extraneous Bifidobacteria species from Bifina capsule and yoghurt could be detected in fecal samples during supplementation period, however there was diversity between volunteers. Conclusion  It was suggested that extraneous Bifidobacteria in Bifina capsule and yogurt could resist the effect of gastric acid and bile salt, and survive in colon. Supplementation of probiotics and yogurt could influence the colonic bacteria, and increase the number of main groups of colonic microflora, especially for Bifidobacteria, which could play important role in alleviating LI symptoms.
Key words: lactose intolerance, probiotics, yogurt, colonic microflora
 
 
基金項目：國家自然科學(xué)基金資助項目（No.30271126）
作者簡(jiǎn)介：鐘燕，女，博士，現工作單位上海交通大學(xué)醫學(xué)院營(yíng)養系
1 通訊作者
2 Groningen大學(xué)，荷蘭

文章編號：1000-8020（2006）05-0615-03
合肥市幼兒零食行為的影響因素及干預效果評價(jià)
孫文杰   高永清1
中國疾病預防控制中心 營(yíng)養與食品安全所，北京  100050
 
摘要：目的  探討幼兒零食消費情況及影響因素以及針對可變的影響因素做出的幼兒零食行為的干預效果的評價(jià) 方法分層隨機抽取合肥市2102名4~6歲幼兒的零食行為進(jìn)行問(wèn)卷調查，使用多因素模型進(jìn)行分析影響因素，使用社區干預實(shí)驗的方法于2000年10~11月對合肥市2102名4~6歲幼兒的零食消費情況進(jìn)行干預，采用教師-幼兒和家長(cháng)-幼兒的干預模式。結果：幼兒食用零食主要受家長(cháng)飲食行為和飲食態(tài)度的影響，在隨后的干預中，干預組的幼兒的零食行為，分別表現在幼兒零食的食用的頻率上、食用時(shí)間。無(wú)論是干預前后干預組的自身比較，還是在終期實(shí)驗組和對照組相互比較都顯示出差異。結論：通過(guò)家長(cháng)來(lái)干預幼兒的零食行為的途徑是有效的。
關(guān)鍵詞：零食  幼兒  多因素分析  社區干預實(shí)驗 評價(jià)
中圖分類(lèi)號：                     文獻標識碼：A
 
Factors influencing snack behaviors of young children in Hefei and evaluation of the effection of interventions
Sun Wen-jie, Gao Yong-qing
Institute of Nutrition and Food Safety, Chinese Center for Disease Prevention and Control ,Beijing 100050, China
 
Abstract: Objective  To evaluate the effect of the parent-to-child and teacher-to -child models used in the Snack Risk Factor Intervention Project for Children (SRFIPC) to change the snack pattern of children. Methods  Using the community-based intervention trail, nutrition education was implemented based on the parent-to-child and teacher-to-child models among 2102 pre-school children aged 4-6 years in 8 day-care centres of Hefei City, Anhui Province, P.R. of China. Data on snack consumption of young children was obtained using a snack behavior questionnaire. Results  (1)The rate of snacking was high in young children of Hefei. The attitude and diet behavior of the parent are the main influence of the young children snack behavior. (2)The snack frequency of children in intervention group decreased as compared with the control group (P<0.001). However, children who have higher frequent snacking in the intervention group did not have significant change in their snack behaviors compared with children in the control group. (3) The percentage of children who consumed snacks between meals increased, while the percentage of children who consumed snacks ad arbitrium was greatly decreased in the intervention group (both P<0.001). (4) The percentages of snacks low in nutrition density, such as the biscuit, cake, confectionery, ham sausage, beverages were lower in intervention group than in the control group. Conclusion  It is useful to intervention the children’s snack behaviors parent-to-child and teacher-to-child models.
Key words: snacks, young children, logistic,community intervention trail, evaluation
 
 
基金項目：達能營(yíng)養中心膳食營(yíng)養研究與宣教基金資助項目（No.DIC2000-07）
作者簡(jiǎn)介：孫文杰，男，碩士研究生，現為香港大學(xué)醫學(xué)院社區醫學(xué)系博士研究生
1廣東藥學(xué)院公共衛生學(xué)院營(yíng)養與食品衛生教研室

北京地區居民丙烯酰胺膳食攝入量的現況研究
金慶中  趙立文  徐筠  衛薇  羅仁才
北京市疾病預防控制中心，北京  100013
摘要：目的 應用24小時(shí)回顧詢(xún)問(wèn)法，估計北京地區居民丙烯酰胺攝入量。方法 采用GC-MS 方法檢測北京市場(chǎng)上購買(mǎi)的24類(lèi)食物，并應用檢測結果計算2460份食譜（820人×3天）的丙烯酰胺含量。結果 北京地區居民的丙烯酰胺的平均攝入量為(μg/d)：男性 18.6，女性 16.6；97.5分位數為(μg/d)：男性59.0，女性 50.4。應用每kg體重計算均值[μg/(kg bw·d)]：男性 0.282，女性0.284；97.5百分位數[μg/(kg bw·d)]：男性0.898，女性1.007。各餐丙烯酰胺攝入比例為：早餐 20.48%，午餐38.99%，晚餐 39.42%，零食 1.17%。結論 午餐和晚餐食品是北京地區居民丙烯酰胺的主要來(lái)源，改變北京地區居民的正餐的烹調方式和控制北京傳統早餐食品中的丙烯酰胺含量是減低北京地區居民丙烯酰胺暴露量的主要措施。
關(guān)鍵詞：丙烯酰胺    膳食攝入量研究
中圖分類(lèi)號：R151.4                   文獻標識碼：A
 
Study on the acryl amide intake in the Beijing diet
Jin Qing-zhong, Zhao Li-wen , Xu Jun, Wei Wei, et al.
Beijing Center for Disease Control and Prevention, Beijing 100013,China
 
Abstract：Objective  A 24-hours recall study was performed to get the acryl amide intake in the Beijing diet. Methods 24 separate items bought in the Beijing Market were analyzed and 2460 diet lists (820 participants × 3days) were calculated. Results The following mean intakes of acryl amide have been estimated (μg/day) ：m ales 18.6, females 16.6. For the 97.5 percentile of the population the intake is estimated to: Males 59.0, females 50.4. As dose calculated per kg bodyweight the mean intake becomes [μg/(kg bw·d)]：males 0.282, females 0.284. For the 97.5 percentile[μg/(kg bw·d)] ：m ales 0.898, females 1.007. The contribution of the different meals and to the intake was as follows: breakfast 20.48%, lunch 38.99%, dinner 39.42%, snacks 1.17%. Conclusion The survey leads to the conclusion that lunch and dinner are significant sources of acryl amide in a typical Beijing diet even if they have relatively low